卫星测高数据监测青藏高原湖泊2010年—2018年水位变化     

廖静娟  薛辉  陈嘉明 《遥感学报》2020,24(12):1534-1547

青藏高原湖泊水位变化是气候变化和生态环境变化研究的重要指标。随着Cryosat-2观测数据的日益丰富和处理技术的提升，可以有效监测更多湖泊的水位变化信息。本研究构建了基于噪声去除技术、改进的波形重跟踪处理算法（ImpMWaPP）和误差混合动态模型为一体的高精度湖泊水位序列提取方法，利用Cryosat-2 SARIn数据获取到133个青藏高原湖泊2010年—2018年的高精度水位序列，并分析了这些湖泊水位变化的时空变化特征。总体上，青藏高原湖泊的水位继续呈上升趋势，但上升速度较2003年—2009年趋缓，年均变化率0.159 m/a。从地域分布上，北部湖泊的水位上升最为显著，而南部湖泊的水位则趋于稳定。从时间上，2010年—2012年和2016年—2018年，大多数湖泊的水位呈现快速上涨，而其他时间水位相对稳定或略有下降。  相似文献   

云南错恰湖两百年来气候环境变化与重金属污染     

柴轶凡  张灿  孔令阳  赵成 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1732-1744

高海拔地区由于特殊的自然环境对气候变化和营养输入的响应十分敏感.在人类活动逐渐加强的背景下，高山湖泊高分辨率的沉积物记录了人与自然相互作用的演变过程.选取云南西北部典型高山湖泊——错恰湖，获取长度37 cm的连续湖泊沉积序列，基于铅铯测年法得到年代深度模型，并对湖芯样品进行总有机碳、总氮及正构烷烃的多指标测定和元素测量，结合气象监测数据探讨分析错恰湖的有机质来源和流域环境演化特征.根据气候代用指标的变化，两百年来错恰湖泊环境及区域气候演化可以分成4个主要阶段：1807-1900年：湖泊水位上升、湖面扩大，有机质丰度下降，有机质以外源贡献为主，内源比例上升；1900-1950年：湖泊水位开始下降、湖面收缩，有机质丰度下降，外源有机质来源增加；1950-1982年：湖泊水位下降、湖面进一步收缩，有机质丰度下降，外源输入比例继续增加；1982-2007年：湖泊水位下降、湖面收缩，有机质含量上升且以陆源输入为主，同时内源贡献比例开始增加.在元素测定结果中，人类活动对应了湖泊沉积重金属含量变化的3个阶段：1950年以前，重金属含量低且稳定，可视作自然背景阶段，人类影响忽略不计；1950年以后，湖泊流域工农业逐渐发展，人为干扰凸显；直到1982年以后，冶炼工业的进步加强了重金属的污染态势，并通过大气传输沉降被湖泊沉积物记录.错恰湖沉积记录的分析讨论在总结该区域气候环境演化历史的同时，加深了对气候人类活动湖泊生态系统相互作用过程的理解，为高山湖泊响应人类活动影响提供了证据.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖湿地典型中生植物水分利用来源的同位素示踪   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许秀丽  李云良  谭志强  郭强 《湖泊科学》2020,32(6):1749-1760

水分是维持植物生长、决定种群分布的关键因子，研究植物水分利用来源是揭示水文过程与植被演替作用机制的基础，作为中国最大的淡水湖泊系统，鄱阳湖水文情势的显著改变已直接影响到湿地生态系统的水分补给来源.本文通过测定降水、土壤水、地下水、湖水和植物茎水中δ¹⁸O、δD同位素组成，识别鄱阳湖湿地典型中生植被——茵陈蒿（Artemisia capillaris）群落的土壤水分补给来源，并应用直接对比法和IsoSource多源混合模型估算优势种茵陈蒿的主要吸水区间及水源利用比例.结果发现：（1）与降水同位素相比，湖水和湿地土壤水同位素较为富集，地下水同位素较少发生分馏；（2）湿地地下水主要受历史长期降水和湖水共同补给，土壤水在雨季4—6月和秋季9—10月主要受降水补给，夏季7—8月深层土壤水受湖水侧向入渗和地下水的共同补给，并在蒸发作用下水分向浅层土壤传输；（3）茵陈蒿主要利用0~80 cm深度的土壤水，且能够在不同土层水源间灵活转换.当土壤含水量较高时（4—5月），主要利用0~40 cm浅层土壤水，利用率约49%~68%；当浅层土壤含水量较低时（6—8月），主要利用40~80 cm深层土壤水，利用率高达74%~95%；当植物进入生长后期（9—10月），主要利用0~15 cm表层土壤水，利用率介于41%~70%.总体发现，湖水是鄱阳湖湿地中生植物群落土壤水分的重要补给来源，优势种茵陈蒿能够响应土壤含水量的变化改变吸水深度，具有较强的干旱适应能力.研究结果可为鄱阳湖湿地植被生态系统演变和科学保护提供理论参考.  相似文献   

富营养化对湖泊消费者群落碳源和氮源的影响——以白洋淀为例     

秦珊  崔建升  申立娜  张璐璐  剧泽佳  付雨 《湖泊科学》2020,32(6):1657-1670

富营养化对湖泊生态系统能流和物流的影响具有不确定性，多数研究仅关注富营养化对浅水湖泊食物网结构和功能的影响，而富营养化对消费者群落碳源和氮源的影响及其时空分异特征较少关注.鉴于此，本研究选取华北平原最大的浅水富营养化湖泊——白洋淀为研究区，依据生境理化参数将白洋淀划分为3类生境（生境1（Ⅰ和Ⅱ区）主要遭受上游府河废水排放影响；生境2（Ⅴ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ区）主要遭受水产养殖和生活污水的影响；生境3（Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ区）遭受人为干扰较小）.在2018年4月和8月分别收集了浮游生物、底栖生物和鱼类样品，运用碳、氮稳定同位素技术定量估算3类生境中底栖和浮游生物对消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比的时空分异特征；同时收集水体和沉积物样品进行常规理化参数分析，明晰富营养化对白洋淀消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比的影响.结果表明：1）就水体和沉积物理化参数季节变化而言，除pH相对稳定外，化学需氧量（COD）、沉积物氨氮（NH₃-Ns）、总氮（TN）和沉积物总磷（TPs）4月高于8月，而其他理化参数则8月高于4月；就空间分布而言，温度（T）、水深（WD）、溶解氧（DO）和沉积物总碳（TCs）值在生境3中最高，而其他理化参数的值则在生境1中最高；2）就δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N空间分布而言，对于同一群落，δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N在3类生境中富集程度呈现显著差异；就时间分布而言，不同季节消费者群落的δ¹³C值存在显著差异，而δ¹⁵N值未呈现显著差异，且消费者群落的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N呈显著负相关；3）就消费者营养级的空间分布而言，3类生境存在显著差异，同一消费者营养级在生境1中最高，在生境3中最低；就时间分布而言，消费者营养级未呈现显著差异；4）浮游生物对消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比4月高于8月，生境1高于其他生境；而底栖生物对消费者群落碳源和氮源贡献百分比则8月高于4月，生境3高于其他生境；5）通过相关分析，结果表明白洋淀消费者群落的δ¹³C与总磷（TP）、TCs、沉积物总氮（TNs）、总有机碳（TOCs）、TPs呈现负相关关系；δ¹⁵N值与TP、TCs、TNs、TOCs、TPs呈正相关关系.因此，湖泊富营养化会影响消费者群落的碳源和氮源，进而改变湖泊生态系统的能流和物流.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal characteristics of Qinghai Lake ice phenology between 2000 and 2016     

Qi  Miaomiao  Yao  Xiaojun  Li  Xiaofeng  Duan  Hongyu  Gao  Yongpeng  Liu  Juan 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(1):115-130

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Lake ice phenology is considered a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We utilized time series information of this kind extracted from a series of...  相似文献   

Sedimentary evidence and luminescence and ESR dating of Early Pleistocene high lake levels of Megalake Tengger,northwestern China     

Fan Yuxin  Li Zhenjun  Yang Guangliang  Yi Shuangwen  Zhang Qingsong  Liu Wenhao  Mou Xuesong 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(8):994-1006

The timing of high lake-level stands during the Late Pleistocene in western China remains controversial. Here we report new results from Megalake Tengger based on a study of palaeo-shorelines and a drill core from Baijian Lake in the northwestern Tengger Desert. Multiple dating methods, based on luminescence signals (quartz optically stimulated luminescence, K-feldspar post infrared-infrared stimulated luminescence) and electron spin resonance signals of quartz, were used to date beach sands from palaeo-shoreline profiles at altitudes of ~1310 m (+20 m above lake level), ~1320 m (+30 m) and ~1350 m (+60 m), and from the top 20 m of sandy sediments from the drill core obtained from the modern beach of Baijian Lake. The dating results show that high lake-level stands associated with the previously reported Megalake Tengger (~1310–1320 m) occurred during the late Early to Middle Pleistocene, which is much earlier than previously reported. In addition, no geomorphological evidence of shorelines and sedimentary evidence from the drill core profile were found to support the previously reported Late Pleistocene lake levels. Our results indicate that the exact age of the previously reported ‘high lake level event’ in a large part of northwestern China during the Late Pleistocene needs to be re-evaluated.  相似文献   

Climatic signals in lacustrine deposits of the Upper Yacoraite Formation,Western Argentina: Evidence from clay minerals,analcime, dolomite and fibrous calcite     

João Paulo B. Gomes  Rodrigo B. Bunevich  Sandra N. Tonietto  Daisy B. Alves  Julice F. Santos  Fiona F. Whitaker 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2282-2309

Authigenic clays are an important control on reservoir quality in lacustrine carbonates but remain challenging to predict. Lacustrine depositional systems respond to climatic variations in rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater input, and evaporation, and result in rapid and frequent changes in lake volume; this is expressed through changing water depth and shoreline position. In the upper portion of the Early Palaeocene Yacoraite Formation of the Salta Basin in Argentina, extensive lacustrine deposits were deposited during the sag phase of rifting. Prior high-resolution stratigraphic studies have suggested that climatic factors control microbial carbonate sequences within a ‘balanced fill’ lake, with variation in the lake level having a major influence on facies association changes. This study characterizes the evolution of facies and mineralogy within the Yacoraite Formation, focusing on the distribution of clay minerals, making a link between the high, medium and low-frequency sequence stratigraphic cycles. The low-frequency transgressive hemicycle of the upper portion of the Yacoraite Formation is comprised of abundant siliciclastic facies, suggesting a wetter period. Microbialites occurring in this interval are coarse-grained and agglutinated. Detrital clay minerals such as illite and chlorite and associated siliciclastic sediments were input to the lake during high-frequency transgressive periods. During high-frequency regressive hemicycles, sedimentation was dominated by carbonate facies with Ca-rich dolomite and the authigenic clays are comprised of chlorite/smectite mixed-layers. By contrast, the low frequency regressive hemicycle records fine-grained agglutinated microbialite with horizons of fibrous calcite, more stoichiometric dolomite, barite and authigenic magnesian smectite. This indicates elevated ion concentrations in the lake under intense evaporation during an arid period. Understanding the conditions that are favourable for formation and preservation of authigenic clays within the lacustrine environment can improve understanding of reservoir quality in comparable economically important deposits.  相似文献   

地层格架正则化约束下的二维立体层析反演          下载免费PDF全文

张力起  杨锴  邢逢源  李振伟  倪瑶 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):634-647

通过把地层格架信息作用于立体层析Fréchet导数矩阵,使得更新后的速度模型呈现出符合地质规律的块状特征.地层格架信息基于立体层析反演中得到的反射点位置进行非规则B样条插值拟合得到,因此在反演中它将会随着反射点位置的更新自然得到更新.与前人提出的保边缘层析算法或多层立体层析算法相比,本文提出的地层格架正则化无需引入混合正则化项或定义某种复杂的混合速度格式,更为直接也更容易实现.理论和实际数据算例证实了该正则化技巧的稳健性和可靠性,能够得到与实际地质构造特征更为一致的地质一致性反演结果.  相似文献   

Impacts of groundwater flow on the evolution of a thermokarst lake in the permafrost–dominated region on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau     

Jinlong Li  Wei Wang  Xianmin Ke  Jianhua Li  Yating Yu  Zeyong Gao  Fujun Niu 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14443

As a result of global warming induced permafrost degradation in recent decades, thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai–Tibet plateau (QTP) have been regulating local hydrological and ecological processes. Simulations with coupled moisture–heat numerical models in the Beiluhe basin (located in the hinterland of permafrost regions on the QTP) have provided insights into the interaction between groundwater flow and the freeze–thaw process. A total of 30 modified SUTRA scenarios were established to examine the effects of hydrodynamic forces, permeability, and climate on thermokarst lakes. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic condition variables regulate the permafrost degradation around the lakes. In case groundwater recharges to the lake, a low–temperature groundwater flow stimulates the expansion of the surrounding thawing regions through thermal convection. The thawing rate of the permafrost underlying the lake intensifies when groundwater is discharged from the lake. Under different permeability conditions, spatiotemporal variations in the active layer thickness significantly influence the occurrence of an open talik at the lake bottom. A warmer and wetter climate will inevitably lead to a sharp decrease in the upper limit of the surrounding permafrost, with a continual decrease in the duration of open talik events. Overall, our results underscore that comprehensive consideration of the relevant hydrologic processes is critical for improving the understanding of environmental and ecological changes in cold environments.  相似文献   

Controls on Arctic glacier-fed river water temperature     

Christopher J. Mellor  Stephen J. Dugdale  Grace Garner  Alexander M. Milner 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(4):499-514

The impact of climate change on Arctic rivers is expected to be severe. There is therefore a need for greater understanding of Arctic river temperature processes. This study quantifies the spatio-temporal variability of water temperatures in the Kårsa River, Sweden. Water temperature was monitored over two summers within the main proglacial channel and within braids fed by different sources. Longitudinal and lateral temperature patterns were assessed in relation to prevailing hydro-meteorology. Temperature metrics in the main channel increased with distance downstream but were moderated by a large lake, while temperatures in the braids were dependent upon channel source. The high temperature standard deviation and inter-site differences within the braids highlight the importance of braided channels for creating thermal habitat heterogeneity. Temperatures were dependent on hydro-meteorological conditions, with sensitivity to air temperature maximized during cooler, rainy conditions. These results shed new light on Arctic river temperature patterns and their controlling processes.  相似文献